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Entire Activity Download (10 pages)
Individual Downloads
Keywords
antigen, blood group, blood, allele, Punnett square, homozygous, heterozygous
Search Curricular Keywords
Key Concepts
antigens, ABO blood groups, components of blood, world geography, allele, Punnett square, homozygous trait, heterozygous trait
Process Skills Utilized
constructing, analyzing, differentiating
Intended Grade Level - 6-10
Objectives
Using red, blue and white poker chips, students will be able to:
- examine the inheritance of ABO blood groups
- simulate the change in frequency of alleles due to natural selection by using the class to represent a sample population
Activity Description
By performing the lab, students will show how natural selection can alter the gene frequencies in a population.
Activity Materials (per group)
- 10 red poker chips
- 10 blue poker chips
- 10 white poker chips
- 1 copy Student Information Page (per group)
- 1 copy Student Data Page
Activity Management Suggestions
MODIFICATIONS:
For students needing more assistance: Group these students with peers who can assist them during the activity. Check often for understanding.
For highly able students: Allow these students to do research on the distribution of blood types and the ABO antigens. Students may also be grouped with other students to provide peer assistance.
EXTENSIONS:
- Students can research the Hardy-Weinberg equation and how it is used.
- Students can use blue poker chips to simulate the frequency of the B allele in both B and AB blood types.
- Students can use the poker chips to simulate the advantage heterozygous individuals have in some instances. For example, in some African populations, there is a high frequency of the sickle-cell allele. This is due to natural selection for the heterozygous genotype since these individuals are slightly more resistant to a deadly form of malaria than individuals who are homozygous dominant. Instructions for this simulation are included on the Student Page.
If students want more information about using four alleles in this simulation activity, have them research the process of meiosis.
References Used
Behavioral Sciences Department, Palomar College, San Marcos, California website: http://anthro.palomar.edu/synthetic/Dunkers.htm
http://anthro.palomar.edu/vary/vary_2.htm
Nelson, H. & Jurmain, R. (1988). Introduction to Physical Anthropology. West Publishing Co., St. Paul, MN.
Shachtman, T. (2006). Medical Sleuth. Smithsonian, 36, pp. 23-30.
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